Justin Street Names Project

Justin, Texas - Since 1883

Welcome to the
Justin Texas Area Historical Society
Justin Street Names Project page

1887 Map of Justin, Texas
Click here for a 1 page map - click here for a larger high resolution map

Group Cohesiveness : Even the chronically disorganized will see the benefit of keeping all of the street names in a development related and on topic.

Category Groupings
Chisholm Trail	Settlement & Founders	Railroad
Cattle Drive	Early Businesses	Farming
Old West	Victorian	Native Trees, etc
Rodeo	Civic Contribution	Creeks & Terrain

Master Street Names - Alphabetically
Master Street Names - by Community

Name Availability : Green = Available ///// Yellow = Check Suffix Variation //// Red = In Use (closed)

History of Project

Suggestion to name new streets in Justin made at City of Justin Planning & Zoning Commission meeting by Commissioner B. French on June 21st, 2015.

Participating and Approving recommendation: P&Z members: Vickey Reynolds, Terrence Smith, Brian French.

Names compiled at Justin Texas Area Historical Society Meeting on June 29th. 2016.

Participating: Donna Roberson, Mary Jo Armstrong, Jan 'Mom' Thompson, Beate Dufresne, Brian French, Kelli Thielemann.

Names compiled at Justin Tomorrow Committee Meeting on June 30th. 2016.

Participating: Lisa Cate, Beate Dufresne, Brian French, Charlotte Moore, Mike Russ, Shani Ihnfeldt, Vickey Reynolds, Barry Hudson.

Names list presented by Brian French to City Council on July,11th 2016.

Participating: Mayor: Hon. Greg Scott, Council Members: Lisa Cate, Alan Woodall, Eric Priddy, Larry Hefner, Jamey Lamm, City Manager: Ashley Meeler. Justin Tomorrow Members: Brian French, Beate Dufresne, Charlotte Moore, Mike Russ.

Current Activity: Populating list with additional name suggestions and gathering historical background information.

Requesting info on first town Marshal, Police Chief, and Fire Chief - please contact list manager at: JTXAHS@gmail.com

Chisholm Trail Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance The majority of Justin, Texas sits on what was the Chisholm Trail. (The exception is the far east portion.)
yes	Main Entrance	Jesse Chisholm	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. The trail is named for Jesse Chisholm, a half-Cherokee trader from Tennessee, who originally created the trail as a means to transport his goods from one trading post to another
yes	Main Entrance	Cattle Trail	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. From 1867 to 1871, the trail ended in Abilene, Kansas. Later, Newton, Kansas, and Wichita, Kansas, each served as the end of the trail.
yes	Main Entrance	End of Trail	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. From 1883 to 1887, the end of the trail was Caldwell, Kansas. Ellsworth, Kansas, is also considered a major influence of the trail.
yes	Main Entrance	McCoy	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. In 1867, Joseph G. McCoy built stockyards in Abilene, Kansas. He encouraged Texas cattlemen to drive their herds to his stockyards. The stockyards shipped 35,000 head that year and became the largest stockyards west of Kansas City, Kansas. That same year, O. W. Wheeler answered McCoy's call, and he along with partners used the Chisholm Trail to bring a herd of 2,400 steers from Texas to Abilene. This herd was the first of an estimated 5,000,000 head of Texas cattle to reach Kansas over the Chisholm Trail.
yes		Abeline	A Chisholm Trail Cowtown - major destination in Kansas, 1867-1871
yes		Newton	A Chisholm Trail Cowtown - major destination in Kansas, 1871
yes		Wichita	A Chisholm Trail Cowtown - major destination in Kansas, 1870-1877
yes		Caldwell	A Chisholm Trail Cowtown - major destination in Kansas, 1879-1885
yes		Ellsworth	A Chisholm Trail Cowtown - major destination in Kansas, 1871-1875
yes		Hays	A Chisholm Trail Cowtown - major destination in Kansas, 1867-1871
yes		Dodge City	A Chisholm Trail Cowtown - major destination in Kansas, 1872-1886
yes		Buffalo Springs	A Chisholm Trail Landmark. Buffalo Springs Trading Post and Ranch, and Stagecoach stand. The springs were a favorite rest stop on the Chisholm Trail on long cattle drives from Texas to Kansas. Buffalo Springs was a well - used stop for drovers and herds along this western trail variant. it was from this location that the ill - fated Hennessey Party departed on July 4, 1874. Headed south along the Ft. Sill - Arkansas City wagon road despite warning of Indian hostilities in the area. A few miles south, the Party was attacked and killed. Buffalo Springs was an important gathering place for settlers making the land run on April 22, 1889.
yes		Dover Stage Stand	A Chisholm Trail Landmark. The Chisholm Trail crossed from Texas over into Indian Territory at Red River Station, near present Ringgold, Texas, heading north. Along the way it passed Fleetwood Store, Blue Grove, Reid Store, Old Suggs Camp Ground and Tank, Monument Hill, Old Duncan Store, Cook Brothers Store, and Silver City on the South Canadian River. North of Silver City, the trail divided. The western route, primarily for freight and stages, curved slightly northwestward, ran through Concho, Fort Reno, and Kingfisher Stage Station, and then turned northeast. The eastern branch, used primarily for cattle, left Silver City, curved slightly northeastward, passed west of present day Mustang, crossed through Yukon, and passed to the west of Piedmont, crossing the Cimarron where Kingfisher Creek joins that river. The eastern trail rejoined the western trail at Red Fork Ranch, or Dover Stage Stand, now the town of Dover. North of Dover the trail passed by Buffalo Springs Stage Station (near present Bison), Skeleton Ranch (near Enid), Sewell's Ranch (near Jefferson), and Lone Tree (near Renfrow), before heading into Kansas south of Caldwell.
yes		Caddo Springs	A Chisholm Trail Landmark. Noted for the purity of its waters which come from adjacent sand dune areas, Caddo Springs, sometimes called Concho Springs, was a favored spot on the Chisholm Trail. Cheyenne and Arapaho people alike shared the Springs as did the Arapahoe School, later named Concho Indian School, built in 1870. The springs were named for the earliest known Oklahoma inhabitants, the Caddo Indians. On top of Concho Hill north of present day El Reno, OK, the Caddo Springs Stage Station was established and soon became a major stopping point between Wichita, Kansas and Fort Sill, Oklahoma. The Darlington Indian Agency was established in August, 1869 three miles north and two miles west of present day El Reno. The settlement and the agency took its name from Brinton Darlington, the agency’s first superintendent. Soon, the Cheyenne Indian School was established two miles north of Darlington in 1871. Directly south of Caddo Springs is the location of the Concho cemetery. Brinton Darlington is buried there. The cemetery is on the hill overlooking the North Canadian river valley.
yes		Silver City	A Chisholm Trail Landmark. Silver City, OK was located just south of the Canadian River, where the Chisholm Trail crossed. The Chisholm Trail ran directly through what became the center of the town and it was a major stop for the cattle movers because of the grazing land around the river and because of three small creeks in the vicinity that supplied good water. This made for a lot of traffic through this area. It is known, that a Mexican family lived nearby and sold quirts (stock whips) to the cowboys before 1880. William Ward, a cowboy, was shot in 1876, in a gunfight and was the first one to be buried in the Silver City Cemetery. The post office was established in May of 1883 and remained open until June of 1890.
yes		Rock Creek Crossing	A Chisholm Trail Landmark after crossing the Red River into Indian Territory, the cattle drive would press north to Rock Creek Crossing on the Washitia River.
yes		Old Duncan Store	A Chisholm Trail Landmark. The combined passenger, freight, and cattle traffic no doubt inspired William Duncan, a Scottish tailor at Ft. Sill married to Chickasaw woman, and the town of Duncan's namesake, to purchase a trading post and store in the mid - 1870's located on the west side of Cow Creek. The trail crossed the ridge, descended to the creek, and forded it at a crossing at the pecan orchard to the southeast. As the trail climbed out of the creek bed, it passes the remnants of two dugouts, all that remains of the original Duncan Store.
yes		Monument Hill	A Chisholm Trail Landmark and lookout point. At the north end of Jefferson County is Monument Hill. The hill is located about two and a half miles east of U.S. 81 and Addington. A Drover grave is located on the southeast corner of the area that is fenced in today.
yes		Reid Store	A Chisholm Trail Landmark. In the later years that the Chisholm Trail was in use, cattlemen had an opportunity to shop at the Fleetwood Store, about three miles into Indian Territory, and the Reid Store, perhaps another 15 miles north.
yes		Fleetwood Store	A Chisholm Trail Landmark. In the later years that the Chisholm Trail was in use, cattlemen had an opportunity to shop at the Fleetwood Store, about three miles into Indian Territory, and the Reid Store, perhaps another 15 miles north. The community of Fleetwood still exists on modern maps, about where the Fleetwood Store is marked on a 1933 map of the Chisholm Trail.
yes		Indian Nations	The Indian Nations had been settled by Native Americans who had been forced to move there while under the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Known as the Civilized Tribes, these formerly Eastern residents were interested in starting new lives and were not happy to have Texas cattle trampling their crops and grazing pastures intended for domestic cattle. Native Americans demanded that drovers, the trail bosses, pay a toll of 10 cents a head to local tribes for the right to cross Indian lands (Oklahoma at that time was Indian Territory, governed from Fort Smith, Arkansas).
yes		Fort Worth	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Dallas	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Waco	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Austin	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		San Antonio	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Uvalde	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Houston	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Texana	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Laredo	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Brownsville	A Chisholm Trail Texas Cowtown
yes		Nocona	Nocona, Tx is named for Peta Nocona, the Comanche chief. The area was first known to white settlers as the last stop in Texas before crossing the Red River on the Chisholm Trail. It was founded in 1887 along a particular bend in the Gainesville, Henrietta and Western Railway line, which soon became part of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, connecting Gainesville and Henrietta, and later Wichita Falls. Nocona assumed the role of economic and industrial center of northern Montague County, and many older towns in the area, bypassed by the railroad, shuttered and its citizens moved to Nocona.
yes		Montague	Pioneer cattlemen on the Chisholm Trail would leave Texas and cross into the Indian Territory at Red River Station, at the mouth of Salt Creek in Montague County.
yes		Red River Crossing	Pioneer cattlemen on the Chisholm Trail would leave Texas and cross into the Indian Territory at Red River Station, at the mouth of Salt Creek in Montague County.
yes		Red River Station	Pioneer cattlemen on the Chisholm Trail would leave Texas and cross into the Indian Territory at Red River Station, at the mouth of Salt Creek in Montague County.
yes		Salt Creek	Pioneer cattlemen on the Chisholm Trail would leave Texas and cross into the Indian Territory at Red River Station, at the mouth of Salt Creek in Montague County.
yes		Spanish Fort	Pioneer cattlemen on the Chisholm Trail would leave Texas and cross the Red River into the Indian Territory at Spanish Fort.
yes		H.J. Justin	"Joe" Justin moved to Texas in 1877 at the age of 18 at a time when Indian raids from the Oklahoma Territory were just beginning to wane. He moved 40 miles west to the fledgling town of Spanish Fort, Texas in Montague County, Texas and opened a boot shop with a $35 loan from the local barber. The town he chose for relocation was ideal for a boot maker. Spanish Fort was not only on the Chisholm Trail near the crossing of the Red River, but also served as a supply headquarters for cowboys and ranchers. Although successful in Spanish Fort, Joe knew that the business environment in Nocona would be more promising due to the newly constructed Missouri-Kansas-Texas railway and expanded market capacity, so in 1889 he moved his "Justin Boots" business south to Nocona, Texas. Joe Justin and his family have no direct influence on the city of Justin, Texas. (The town of Justin was named after a railroad engineer). He did get his start on the Chisholm Trail and in the late 20th century, a very successful store was opened in the city of Justin, Tx selling boots manufactured by the company he started over 100 years ago.
yes		Arkansas River	On the long trips—up to two months—the cattlemen faced many difficulties. They had to cross major rivers such as the Arkansas River and the Red River, and innumerable smaller creeks
yes		Shawnee Trail	In Texas, hundreds of feeder trails headed north to one of the main cattle trails. In the early 1840s, most cattle were driven up the Shawnee Trail. This first trail was called the Shawnee Trail, and later was known as the Texas Trail or the Texas Road.
yes		Longhorn	The type of Texas Cattle that was herded to Kansas on the Chisholm Trail to feed the East Coast of the US.
yes		Prairie Grass	What the Longhorns ate while on the Chisholm Trail.

Cattle Drive Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance The majority of Justin, Texas sits on what was the Chisholm Cattle Trail. (The exception is the far east portion.)
yes	Main Entrance	Cattle Drive	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. Cattle drives were a major economic activity in the 19th-century American West, particularly between 1866 and 1886, when 20 million cattle were herded from Texas to railheads in Kansas, for shipments to stockyards in Chicago and points east. The long distances covered, the need for periodic rests by riders and animals, and the establishment of railheads led to the development of "cow towns" across the frontier. Because of extensive treatment of cattle drives in fiction and film, the cowboy became the worldwide iconic image of the American. Cattle drives still occur in the American West.
yes	Main Entrance	Cattle Town	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. Cattle towns, also known as “cow towns,” were Midwestern frontier settlements that catered to the cattle industry. The economies of these communities were heavily dependent on the seasonal cattle drives from Texas, which brought the cowboys and the cattle that these towns relied upon. Cattle towns were found at the junctions of railroads and livestock trails. Cattle towns were made famous by popular accounts of rowdy cowboys and outlaws who were kept under control by local lawmen
yes	Main Entrance	Dusty Trails	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. Cattle trails were very dusty, due to all the cattle and horse hooves kicking up the dirt.
yes		Cowboy	A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks. The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the vaquero traditions of northern Mexico and became a figure of special significance and legend.
yes		Trail Boss	The cowboy in charge of all other cowboys and cattle on the trail drive.
yes		Point Rider	A cowboy who rides at the front of the herd on a trail drive.
yes		Swing Rider	A cowboy who rides alongside a herd to turn it in the correct direction on a trail drive.
yes		Flank Rider	A cowboy who rides at the side of the herd to keep it from spreading out and getting too wide on a trail drive.
yes		Drag Rider	A cowboy who rides at the rear of the cattle herd to keep it moving on a trail drive.
yes		Lead Steer	The Longhorn steer at the front of the herd who set the pace in a cattle drive.
yes		Remuda	The extra group of horses taken on the cattle trail drive.
yes		Wrangler	The cowboy in charge of the Remuda (small herd of spare horses) on the trail drive. The wrangler was an expert horseman in charge of controlling and tending to the Remuda.
yes		Drover	A drover is a person, typically an experienced stockman, who moves livestock, usually sheep, cattle, and horses "on the hoof" over long distances.
yes		Vaquero	The vaqueros of the Americas were the horsemen and cattle herders of Spanish Mexico, who first came to California. They were the first cowboys in the region. In the modern United States and Canada, remnants of two major and distinct vaquero traditions remain, known today as the "Texas" tradition and the "Spanish", "Vaquero", or "California" tradition.
yes		Buckaroo	The cowboys of the Great Basin still use the term "buckaroo", which may be a corruption of vaquero, to describe themselves and their tradition.
yes		Roundup	The act of collecting and sorting cattle for branding or a cattle trail drive.
yes		Branding	The act of marking an animal’s hide with the owner's symbol. Branding was used to identify cattle belonging to different owners. Unbranded cattle were known as "mavericks" and could become the property of anyone able to capture and brand the unmarked animal.
yes		Maverick	The act of marking an animal’s hide with the owner's symbol. Branding was used to identify cattle belonging to different owners. Unbranded cattle were known as "mavericks" and could become the property of anyone able to capture and brand the unmarked animal.
yes		Stampede	An event in which startled cattle suddenly run in all directions. Many dangers faced cattle drivers and cowboys. Stampedes, caused by anything from lightning to a cowboy’s sneeze, were a common threat. Crossing rivers was always a dangerous affair, and blizzards, prairie fires and predatory animals presented risks as well.
yes		Prairie Fire	Many dangers faced cattle drivers and cowboys. Stampedes, caused by anything from lightning to a cowboy’s sneeze, were a common threat. Crossing rivers was always a dangerous affair, and blizzards, prairie fires and predatory animals presented risks as well.
yes		Chuck Wagon	A wagon that carried food, supplies and cooking equipment on trail drives. A chuckwagon or chuck wagon is a type of "field kitchen" covered wagon historically used for the storage and transportation of perishable food and cooking equipment on the prairies of the United States and Canada. Such wagons formed part of a wagon train of settlers or fed traveling workers such as cowboys or loggers. While some form of mobile kitchens had existed for generations, the invention of the chuckwagon is attributed to Charles Goodnight, a Texas rancher, the "father of the Texas Panhandle," who introduced the concept in 1866. After the American Civil War, the beef market in Texas expanded. Some cattlemen herded cattle in parts of the country that did not have railroads which would mean they needed to be fed on the road for months at a time. Goodnight modified the Studebaker wagon, a durable army-surplus wagon, to suit the needs of cowboys driving cattle from Texas to sell in New Mexico. He added a "chuck box" to the back of the wagon with drawers and shelves for storage space and a hinged lid to provide a flat cooking surface. A water barrel was also attached to the wagon and canvas was hung underneath to carry firewood. A wagon box was used to store cooking supplies and cowboys' personal items.
yes		Cook / Cookie	The Cook and operator of the chuck wagon. On cattle drives, it was common for the "cookie" who ran the wagon to be second in authority only to the "trailboss". The cookie would often act as cook, barber, dentist, and banker. Chuckwagon food typically included easy-to-preserve items like beans and salted meats, coffee, and sourdough biscuits. Food would also be gathered en route. There was no fresh fruit, vegetables, or eggs available and meat was not fresh unless an animal was injured during the run and therefore had to be killed. The meat they ate was greasy cloth-wrapped bacon, salt pork, and beef, usually dried or salted or smoked. The wagon was also stocked with a water barrel and a sling to kindle wood to heat and cook food and so the chuckwagon was created.
yes		Campfire	A campfire is a fire at a campsite that provides light and warmth, and heat for cooking. It can also serve as a beacon, and an insect and predator deterrent.
yes		Kettle	A type of pot, typically metal, specialized for boiling water, with a lid, spout and handle. It was an important item on a cattle drive, supplying coffee for the tired cowboys.
yes		Dutch Oven	A large, covered pot taken on cattle drives that was heated from the bottom and the top. The cookie baked the biscuits in a Dutch oven set over coals and with other coals piled on its lid. Some trail hands boasted that their cook made sourdoughs so light that, unless he mixed in blueberries or raisins, the mosquitoes and gnats would carry them off.
yes		Open Range	A large area of open grazing land. In the Western United States and Canada, open range is rangeland where cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership. Where there are "open range" laws, those wanting to keep animals off their property must erect a fence to keep animals out; this applies to public roads as well. Land in open range that is designated as part of a "herd district" reverses liabilities, requiring an animal's owner to fence it in or otherwise keep it on the person's own property. The Western open-range tradition originated from the early practice of unregulated grazing in newly acquired western territories, which was codified in the laws of Western US states as they developed written statutes. Over time, as the Western lands became more developed (railroads, mining, farming, etc.). The open range laws started to be challenged and were significantly curtailed, but they still exist in certain areas of most western states. the western prairies of the 19th century were vast, undeveloped, and uncultivated, with scarce, widely separated sources of water. Until the invention of barbed wire in the 1870s, it was more practical to fence the livestock out of developed land, rather than to fence it in
yes		Chaparral	A low growing thicket that is difficult for cowboys to ride through without damage to their clothing. The name comes from the Spanish word for scrub oak, chaparro. Not to be confused with the Dallas Chaparrals, an American Basketball Association basketball team that became the San Antonio Spurs in 1973
yes		Chaps	Chaps are sturdy coverings for the legs consisting of leggings and a belt. They are buckled on over trousers with the chaps' integrated belt, but unlike trousers they have no seat and are not joined at the crotch. They are designed to provide protection for the legs and are usually made of leather or a leather-like material. They are most commonly associated with the cowboy culture of the American west as a protective garment to be used when riding a horse through brushy terrain.
yes		Cowboy Hat	The cowboy hat is a high-crowned, wide-brimmed hat best known as the defining piece of attire for the North American cowboy. Influenced by 19th century Mexican culture, today it is worn by many people, and is particularly associated with ranch workers in the western and southern United States, and for participants in the North American rodeo circuit. It is recognized around the world as part of Old West lore. The shape of a cowboy hat's crown and brim are often modified by the wearer for fashion and to protect against weather.
yes		Bandanna	A triangular or square piece of cloth tied around the head or around the neck for protective or decorative purposes. A Staple in every cowboy's closet is the bandanna, scarf or wild rag. It is the multi use item. Protecting a cowboy from the sun or wind, and to wipe away sweat and dirt.
yes		Cowboy Boots	Cowboy boots refer to a specific style of riding boot, historically worn by cowboys. They have a Cuban heel, rounded to pointed toe, high shaft, and, traditionally, no lacing. Cowboy boots are normally made from cowhide leather but are also sometimes made from "exotic" skins such as alligator, snake, ostrich, lizard, eel, elephant, stingray, elk, buffalo, and the like. There are two basic styles of cowboy boots, western (or classic), and roper. The classic style is distinguished by a tall boot shaft, going to at least mid-calf, with an angled "cowboy" heel, usually over one inch high. A slightly lower, still angled, "walking" heel is also common. The toe of western boots was originally rounded or squared in shape. The narrow pointed toe design appeared in the early 1940s.
yes		Spurs	A spur is a metal tool designed to be worn in pairs on the heels of riding boots for the purpose of directing a horse to move forward or laterally while riding. In the western United States the spur has become an integral part of the vaquero and cowboy traditions. The spur as an art form as well as a tool is still seen in western riding, where spurs with engraving and other artistic elements, often handmade and utilizing silver or other precious metals are still worn. Collecting of particularly beautiful antique spurs is a popular pastime for some individuals, particularly aficionados of western history and cowboy culture.
yes		Stirrups	A stirrup is a light frame or ring that holds the foot of a rider, attached to the saddle by a strap, often called a stirrup leather. Stirrups are usually paired and are used to aid in mounting and as a support while using a riding animal (usually a horse or other equine, such as a mule). They greatly increase the rider's ability to stay in the saddle and control the mount, increasing the animal's usefulness to humans in areas such as communication, transportation and warfare.
yes		Saddle	Western saddles are used for western riding and are the saddles used on working horses on cattle ranches throughout the United States, particularly in the west. They are the "cowboy" saddles familiar to movie viewers, rodeo fans, and those who have gone on trail rides at guest ranches. This saddle was designed to provide security and comfort to the rider when spending long hours on a horse, traveling over rugged terrain.
yes		Saddle Horn	The saddle horn is the most recognizable part of the western saddle. The horn is mounted on the saddle tree on the top of the fork and attached with screws and bolts. The horn consists of the cap (or head), the neck, and the points. The horn was originally added to the western saddle as a tool for roping cattle. When a rider ropes a steer, he can "snub" his end of the lariat around the horn to absorb the force generated when the steer hits the end of the rope.
yes		Lasso	A lasso, also referred to as a riata, or reata (all from Spanish la reata), is a loop of rope designed as a restraint to be thrown around a target and tightened when pulled. It is a well-known tool of the American cowboy. A lasso is made from stiff rope so that the noose stays open when the lasso is thrown. It also allows the cowboy to easily open up the noose from horseback to release the cattle because the rope is stiff enough to be pushed a little. Technically, a lasso can be made by knotting and looping any piece of rope.
yes		Lariat	A lariat is an actual piece of cowboy equipment made for lassoing. Older versions could be made from rawhide or stiffened natural fiber rope. Commercial versions today often use synthetic materials. The rope is quite stiff unlike the rope that you have around your house. Also, the loop is not knotted but joined to the main body of the rope by a movable fastener. Some also have decorations on them.
yes		Horseshoe	A horseshoe is a fabricated product, normally made of metal, designed to protect a horse's hoof from wear. Shoes are attached on the palmar surface of the hooves, usually nailed through the insensitive hoof wall that is anatomically akin to the human toenail, although much larger and thicker. They are their to help protect the animals' feet from wear.
yes		Mustang	The mustang is a free-roaming horse of the American west that first descended from horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish. Mustangs are often referred to as wild horses, but because they are descended from once-domesticated horses, they are properly defined as feral horses. In 1971, the United States Congress recognized that "wild free-roaming horses and burros are living symbols of the historic and pioneer spirit of the West, which continue to contribute to the diversity of life forms within the Nation and enrich the lives of the American people."
yes		Palomino	Palomino is a coat color in horses, consisting of a gold coat and white mane and tail. Due to their distinct color, palominos stand out in a show ring, and are much sought after as parade horses. They were particularly popular in movies and television during the 1940s and 1950s. One of the most famous palomino horses was Trigger, known as "the smartest horse in movies", the faithful mount of the Hollywood cowboy star Roy Rogers.
yes		Pinto	Pinto means "painted" or something similar in Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. A pinto horse has a coat color that consists of large patches of white and any other color. The distinction between "pinto" and "solid" can be tenuous, as so-called "solid" horses frequently have areas of white hair.
yes			Pony Stallion Horse

Old West Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Justin, Texas came into being in time known as the Old West. Unrelated to Justin History, other than the time frame, The Gunfight at the OK Corral took place on Oct 26, 1881, in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. In 1883 Justin had hotels, general stores, a Doctors office, a school, and houses.
yes	Main Entrance	Frontier Way	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. As defined by Hine and Faragher, "frontier history tells the story of the creation and defense of communities, the use of the land, the development of markets, and the formation of states." They explain, "It is a tale of conquest, but also one of survival, persistence, and the merging of peoples and cultures that gave birth and continuing life to America." Through treaties with foreign nations and native tribes; political compromise; military conquest; establishment of law and order; the building of farms, ranches, and towns; the marking of trails and digging of mines; and the pulling in of great migrations of foreigners, the United States expanded from coast to coast, fulfilling the dreams of Manifest Destiny. Historian Frederick Jackson Turner in his "Frontier Thesis" (1893) theorized that the frontier was a process that transformed Europeans into a new people, the Americans, whose values focused on equality, democracy, and optimism, as well as individualism, self-reliance, and even violence. Thus, Turner's Frontier Thesis proclaimed the westward frontier as the defining process of American history.
yes	Main Entrance	Old West	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. As the American frontier passed into history, the myths of the West in fiction and film took firm hold in the imagination of Americans and foreigners alike. America is exceptional in choosing its iconic self-image. David Murdoch has said: "No other nation has taken a time and place from its past and produced a construct of the imagination equal to America's creation of the West.
yes	Main Entrance	Wild West	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. The American Frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American expansion that began with English colonial settlements in the early 17th century and ended with the admission of the last mainland territories as states in 1912. "Frontier" refers to a contrasting region at the edge of a European-American line of settlement. American historians cover multiple frontiers but the folklore is focused primarily on the 19th century west of the Mississippi River. Enormous popular attention in the media focuses on the Western United States in the second half of the 19th century, a period sometimes called the Old West, or the Wild West, frequently exaggerating the romance and violence of the period.
yes	Main Entrance	Happy Trails	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. "Happy Trails" by Dale Evans Rogers, was the theme song for the 1940s and 1950s radio program and the 1950s television show starring Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Rogers, always sung over the end credits of the program. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. In 1951, Foy Willing wrote a song titled "Happy Trails" for the Republic Pictures movie, Spoilers of the Plains, starring Roy Rogers with Foy Willing and the Riders of the Purple Sage. Subsequently, the first three notes of Foy's song and the title were used by Dale Evans in writing her version of "Happy Trails" for both the original The Roy Rogers Show and the short-lived The Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Show, which aired on ABC in 1962. Dale's is the version that is popularly played and sung today, albeit without giving credit to Foy Willing.
yes		Boomtown	A town that grew quickly in population. A boomtown is a community that undergoes sudden and rapid population and economic growth, or that is started from scratch because of an influx of people. The growth is normally attributed to the nearby discovery of a precious resource such as gold, silver, or oil, although the term can also be applied to communities growing very rapidly for different reasons.
yes		Gold Rush
yes		Silver Rush
yes		Copper Rush
yes		Gold Mine
"Drive" used		Silver Mine	Silver mining was a driving force in the settlement of western North America, with major booms for silver and associated minerals (lead, mostly) in the galena ore silver is most commonly found in. Notable silver rushes were in Colorado; Nevada; and California. The first major silver ore deposits in the United States were discovered at the Comstock Lode in Virginia City, Nevada, in 1859.
yes		Copper Mine
yes		Wagon Train	A wagon train is a group of wagons traveling together. In the American West, settlers traveling across the plains and mountain passes in covered wagons banded together for mutual assistance. Wagon trains are usually associated with the Old West.
yes		Freight Wagon	Nothing comes close today to the adversity that met America’s early western freighting industry. Poorly maintained, steep, narrow dirt paths with axle deep mud, washed out chasms, and an endless array of unforeseen problems were matched only by scenic routes with stomach-curdling drop-offs overlooking deep, mountainous ravines. Crossing mile after mile of secluded country, these slow-moving, heavy wagons were constantly twisted, racked, and pounded along the trails. Averaging about 15 miles per day in hill country and 25 a day in the flatlands, the first of these western freighters is usually traced to 1821 and the efforts of William Becknell to open the Santa Fe Trail for increased commerce with the New Mexico region. Freight Wagons were built for a single profit-driven purpose, they were designed to take a literal beating while carrying massive amounts of goods, supplies, equipment and raw ore.
yes		Water Wagon	Original wood water tank wagon are hard to find today. Few of this type of original horse-drawn vehicle have survived. The tank on this wagon can measure 8 feet long x 50 inches wide x 44 inches high and carry about 500 gallons These wagons have been used as a tenders for a steam engines and to sprinkle down city streets. Or bring water to a parched town during a drought by hauling water on its nice heavy wheels with 3" wide metal rims on solid running gear.
yes		Farm Wagon	Few vehicles were of greater significance than the Farm Wagon, in an era when small farms played an important role in America's economy. The Farm Wagons design was both simple and utilitarian, making it sturdy enough for heavy loads over rural roads and dependable enough for everyday use. However, famous wagon makers of the era–ever proud of their craftsmanship and mindful of promoting the sale of products-couldn't resist the opportunity to add beautiful signage and detailing to this functional design. The original finishes and signage is what adds historic flavor and value to these distinctive vehicles.
yes		Buckboard	The buckboard is a distinctively American wagon, born on the homesteads of the mountainous regions of the East, then moved West with the pioneers to become a useful vehicle for work and pleasure.The buckboard has no metal springs, its suspension comes from the springy "buckboards" that make up the floor and body. Much of the character of this ruggedly constructed "wagon" is that it is versatile and functional.
yes		Stage Coach	A stagecoach is a type of covered wagon used to carry passengers and goods inside. It is strongly sprung and generally drawn by four horses, usually four-in-hand. Widely used before the introduction of railway transport, it made regular trips between stages or stations, which were places of rest provided for stagecoach travelers. The business of running stagecoaches or the act of journeying in them was known as staging.
yes		Butterfield Stage	The Butterfield Overland Mail Trail was a stagecoach service in the United States, operating from 1857 to 1861. It carried passengers and U.S. Mail from two eastern termini, Memphis, Tennessee and St. Louis, Missouri to San Francisco, California. The routes from each eastern terminus met at Fort Smith, Arkansas, and then continued through Indian Territory, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Baja California, and California ending in San Francisco.
yes		Pony Express	The Pony Express was a mail service delivering messages, newspapers, mail, and small packages from St. Joseph, Missouri, across the Great Plains, over the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada to Sacramento, California, by horseback, using a series of relay stations.
yes		Hitching Post	A hitching post is a post to which a horse (or other animal) may be tethered to prevent it from straying. Can be made of wood, metal, or a combination of both.
yes		Horse Trough	A horse trough is a man-made or natural watering point receptacle intended to provide drinking water to horses, mules, and donkeys and other animals. The watering trough is established so that the animals can drink while their owner is in town. Horse watering troughs were very common in many towns and cities as a means for horses to drink while they were tethered to a post. In 1927 animal lovers, Annis and George Bills, funded the building of up to 500 watering troughs in Australia, Ireland, England and the United States. Many can still be seen today inscribed with Donated by Annis and George Bills Australia.
yes		Water Trough	A watering trough is a man-made or natural watering point receptacle intended to provide drinking water to animals, livestock on farms or ranches or wild animals. The watering trough is established so that sheep, cattle and other domesticated animals can drink. Watering troughs were very common in many towns and cities as a means for horses to drink while they were tethered to a post. In 1927 animal lovers, Annis and George Bills, funded the building of up to 500 watering troughs in Australia, Ireland, England and the United States. Many can still be seen today inscribed with Donated by Annis and George Bills Australia.
yes		Wagon Wheel	The wheel of a wagon, made by a Wheelwright. Can be made of wood, metal, or a combination of both.
yes		Tumbleweed	Images of a tumbling tumbleweed rolling down the dusty streets of a frontier town is often seen in Western movies. A tumbleweed is a structural part of the above-ground anatomy of a number of species of plants, a diaspore that, once it is mature and dry, detaches from its root or stem, and tumbles away in the wind. The tissues of the tumbleweed structure are dead; their death is functional because it is necessary for the structure to degrade gradually and fall apart so that the propagules can escape during the tumbling, or germinate after the tumbleweed has come to rest in a wet location.
yes		Sagebrush	Sagebrushes are native to the North American west. Sagebrush is a common name applied generally to several woody and herbaceous species of plants in the genus Artemisia. The best known sagebrush is the shrub Artemisia tridentata.
yes		Cactus	Cacti are native to the Americas, ranging from Patagonia in the south to parts of western Canada in the north. Cacti occur in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Most cacti live in habitats subject to at least some drought. Many live in extremely dry environments. Cacti show many adaptations to conserve water. Almost all cacti are succulents, meaning they have thickened, fleshy parts adapted to store water. Unlike many other succulents, the stem is the only part of most cacti where this vital process takes place. Most species of cacti have lost true leaves, retaining only spines, which are highly modified leaves. As well as defending against herbivores, spines help prevent water loss by reducing air flow close to the cactus and providing some shade. In the absence of leaves, enlarged stems carry out photosynthesis.
yes		Huckleberry
yes		Saloon Door	Saloon doors are a pair of lightweight swing doors often found in public bars, and especially associated with the American west. Saloon doors, also known as cafe doors, often use bidirectional hinges that close the door regardless of which direction it is opened by incorporating springs. Saloon doors that only extend from knee-level to chest-level are known as batwing doors.
yes		Gambler	The Frontier Gambler is one of the most recognizable stock characters of the American West, usually portrayed as a gentlemanly southerner living outside of the law. Historically, gamblers were of both sexes, came from a variety of professions and class backgrounds, were of many different nationalities, and were part of a well-respected profession. As the west became increasingly populated and domesticated, the public perception of gambling changed to a negative one and led nearly all of the state and territorial legislatures to pass anti-gambling laws in and effort to "clean up" their towns. The gambler continues to be a captivating figure in the imagery of the west, representing the openness of its society and invoking its association with risk-taking. The heyday of gambling in the west lasted from 1850-1910. Gambling was the number one form of entertainment in the west and nearly everyone living there engaged in it at one time or another. Cowboys, miners, lumberjacks, businessmen, and lawmen all played games of chance for pleasure and profit. Whenever a new settlement or camp started one of the first buildings or tents erected would be a gambling hall. As the settlement grew, these halls would become larger and more elaborate in proportion. Gaming halls were typically the largest and most ornately decorated buildings in any town and often housed a bar, stage for entertainment, and hotel rooms for guests. These establishments were a driving force behind the local economy and many towns measured their prosperity by the number of gambling halls and professional gamblers they had. Towns that were friendly to gaming were typically known to sports as "wide-awake" or "wide-open" for their acceptance of gambling. Most western citizens considered gambling to be a respectable profession and those who chose to make a living doing it were respected members of society. "Gambling was not only the principal and best paying industry of the town at the time, but it was also reckoned among its most respectable," wrote Bat Masterson in 1907. Professional gamblers ran their own games by renting a table at a gambling house and banking it with their own money.
yes		Faro	The card game Faro spread to the United States in the 19th century to become the most widespread and popularly favored gambling game. It was played in almost every gambling hall in the Old West from 1825 to 1915. Faro could be played in over 150 places in Washington, DC alone during the Civil War. An 1882 study considered faro to be the most popular form of gambling, surpassing all others forms combined in terms of money wagered each year. The faro game was also called "bucking the tiger" or "twisting the tiger's tail", a reference to early card backs that featured a drawing of a Bengal tiger. By the mid 19th century, the tiger was so commonly associated with the game that gambling districts where faro was popular became known as "tiger town", or in the case of smaller venues, "tiger alley". Some gambling houses would simply hang a picture of a tiger in their windows to advertise that a game could be played there.
yes		Kerosene Lamp	A kerosene lamp is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel. Kerosene lamps have a wick or mantle as light source, protected by a glass chimney or globe; lamps may be used on a table, or hand-held lanterns may be used for portable lighting. Like oil lamps, they are useful for lighting without electricity, such as in regions without rural electrification, in electrified areas during power outages, at campsites, and on boats. Modern versions of the kerosene lamp were constructed by the Polish inventor Ignacy Łukasiewicz in 1853.
yes		Oil Lamp	An oil lamp is an object used to produce light continuously for a period of time using an oil-based fuel source. The use of oil lamps began thousands of years ago and continues to this day, although not commonly anymore. Oil lamps are a form of lighting, and were used as an alternative to candles before the use of electric lights. Starting in 1780 the Argand lamp quickly replaced other oil lamps still in their basic ancient form. These in turn were replaced by the kerosene lamp in about 1850. In small towns and rural areas the latter continued in use well into the 20th century, until such areas were finally electrified and light bulbs could be used. Most modern lamps (such as fueled lanterns) have been replaced by gas-based or petroleum-based fuels to operate when emergency non-electric light is required. As such, oil lamps of today are primarily used for the particular ambiance they produce, or in rituals and religious ceremonies.
yes		Barn Lantern	A kerosene lantern, also known as a "barn lantern" or "hurricane lantern," is a flat-wick lamp made for portable and outdoor use. They are made of soldered or crimped-together sheet metal stampings, with tin-plated sheet steel being the most common material, followed by brass and copper.
yes		Barbed Wire	Fence wire that has sharp points. The invention of barbed wire in the 1870s allowed cattle to be confined to designated areas to prevent overgrazing of the range. In Texas and surrounding areas, increased population required ranchers to fence off their individual lands.[6] This initially brought considerable drama to western rangeland. Its invention made fencing huge expanses cheaper than hiring cowboys for handling cattle, and indiscriminate fencing of federal lands often occurred in 1880s, often without any regards to land ownership or other public needs, such as mail delivery and movement of other kinds of livestock. Various state statutes, as well as vigilantes (see "Fence Cutting War"), tried to enforce or combat fence-building with varying success. In 1885, federal legislation outlawed the enclosure of public land. By 1890, illegal fencing had been mostly removed.
yes		Ranch	A ranch is an area of landscape, including various structures, given primarily to the practice of ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle or sheep for meat or wool. The word most often applies to livestock-raising operations in Mexico, the Western United States and Canada, though there are ranches in other areas. People who own or operate a ranch are called ranchers, cattlemen, or stockgrowers.
yes		Ranch Hand	A Ranch hand is a manual laborer on a ranch, such as a cowboy.
yes		Range War
yes		Cavalry
yes		Gary Owen
yes		Rifle
yes		Repeater
yes		Winchester
yes		Colt
yes		Six Shooter
yes		Peacemaker
yes		Lawman
yes		Sheriff
yes		Deputy
yes		Marshall
yes		Posse	Posse comitatus is the common-law or statute law authority of a county sheriff, or other law officer, to conscript any able-bodied man to assist him in keeping the peace or to pursue and arrest a felon, similar to the concept of the "hue and cry." Originally found in English common law, it survives in the United States. Resorting to the posse comitatus figures quite often in the plots of Western movies, where the body of men recruited is frequently referred to as a posse.
yes		Vigilante	A vigilante is a civilian or organization acting in a law enforcement capacity (or in the pursuit of self-perceived justice) without legal authority. As boom-towns, or mining towns started appearing towards the 1850s, vigilantes started putting justice in their hands because these towns did not have any established forms of government. In October 1862 in northern Texas, several Unionist sympathizers were arrested and taken to Gainesville, Texas for trial on charges of treason and insurrection. Seven were tried and hanged, and 14 were hanged without trial. A few weeks later, Unionist sympathizers were hanged without trial across northern Texas. Known as "The Great Hanging at Gainesville", it may have been the deadliest act of vigilante violence in U.S. history.
yes		Showdown	A fight, often a gunfight or fist-fight, that ends a disagreement or decides who will win. Often used device in Hollywood Western movies.
yes		High Noon	The Hollywood appointed time for a showdown gunfight held in the middle of the main street in a Western town. 'High Noon' is a 1952 American Western film starring Gary Cooper. The film tells the story of a town marshal forced to face a gang of killers by himself. The film won four Academy Awards and four Golden Globe Awards. In 1989, High Noon was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", entering the registry during the NFR's first year of existence. According to an English professor at Yeshiva University, High Noon is the film most requested for viewing by U.S. presidents. It has been cited as the favorite film of Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton.
yes		Gunfight
yes		Gunslinger	Gunfighter and gunslinger refer to men in the American Old West who had gained a reputation of being dangerous with a gun and participated in gunfights and shootouts. The term "gunslinger" is used to denote someone who is quick on the draw with a pistol, but can also refer to riflemen and shotgun messengers. The gunfighter is also one of the most popular characters in the Western genre and has appeared in associated films, video games, and literature.
yes		Outlaw	In historical legal systems, an outlaw is declared as outside the protection of the law. In pre-modern societies, the criminal is withdrawn all legal protection. Romanticized outlaws became stock characters in several fictional settings. This was particularly so in the United States, where outlaws were popular subjects of newspaper coverage and stories in the 19th century, and 20th century fiction and Western movies. Thus, "outlaw" is still commonly used to mean those violating the law or, by extension, those living that lifestyle, whether actual criminals evading the law or those merely opposed to "law-and-order" notions of conformity and authority.
yes		Bandit	Banditry is the life and practice of bandits. The New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (NED) defined "bandit" in 1885 as "one who is proscribed or outlawed; hence, a lawless desperate marauder, a brigand: usually applied to members of the organized gangs". In modern usage the word may become a synonym for "thief", hence the term "one-armed bandit" for gambling machines that can leave the gambler with no money.
yes		Highwayman	A highwayman was a robber who stole from travelers. This type of thief usually traveled and robbed by horse.
yes		Justice
yes		Gallows
yes		Dalton
yes		James Gang
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes		Telegraph
yes		Keypad
yes		Morse Code Road
yes
yes			Historic Heritage

Rodeo Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Justin, Texas has held many rodeos. They are a tradition at the annual Justin Fun Days event.
yes	Main Entrance	Rodeo Drive	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. Rodeo is a competitive sport that arose out of the working practices of cattle herding in Spain, Mexico, and later the United States, Canada, South America, Australia and New Zealand. It was based on the skills required of the working vaqueros and later, cowboys, in what today is the western United States, western Canada, and northern Mexico. Today it is a sporting event that involves horses and other livestock, designed to test the skill and speed of the cowboys and cowgirls. American style professional rodeos generally comprise the following events: tie-down roping, team roping, steer wrestling, saddle bronc riding, bareback bronc riding, bull riding and barrel racing. The events are divided into two basic categories: the rough stock events and the timed events. Depending on sanctioning organization and region, other events such as breakaway roping, goat tying, or pole bending may also be a part of some rodeos. American rodeo, particularly popular today within the Canadian province of Alberta and throughout the western United States, is the official state sport of Wyoming, South Dakota, and Texas
yes		Roughstock	The bucking horses and bulls used in bareback riding, saddle bronc riding and bull riding, usually bred and raised for the job.
yes		Bronco	A bronco or bronc, in the United States, northern Mexico and Canada, is an untrained horse or one that habitually bucks. The term also refers to bucking horses used in rodeo "rough stock" events, such as bareback bronc riding and saddle bronc riding.
yes		Bronco Buster	A cowboy who captures and tames wild horses.
yes		Bull Rider	Bull riding is a rodeo sport that involves a rider getting on a bull and attempting to stay mounted while the animal attempts to buck off the rider. In the American tradition the rider must stay atop the bucking bull for eight full seconds to count as a qualified ride. The rider tightly fastens one hand to the bull with a long braided rope. It is a risky sport and has been called "the most dangerous eight seconds in sports."
yes		Bullfighter	An athlete who protects the bull rider after he dismounts or is bucked off by distracting the bull and directing its attention to the exit gate, sometimes stepping between the bull and the bull rider.
yes		Barrelman	An entertainer who uses a barrel to distract a bull after a ride, and sometimes to protect the cowboy.
yes		8 Second Ride	In the Roughstock events, staying on for at least the minimum time, eight seconds.
yes		Reride	If a cowboy’s score is affected by equipment failure or a horse or bull that doesn’t buck to performance specifications, the judges may offer the cowboy a clean-slate chance on a different horse or bull.
yes		Draw	Each Roughstock competitor who enters a PRCA rodeo is assigned a specific bucking horse or bull in a random draw conducted at PRCA headquarters three days before the rodeo; each timed-event contestant is assigned a calf or steer in a random draw on site, shortly before each performance of a rodeo begins.
yes		Gate	At the end of the chute are spring-loaded doors that opens releasing the Roughstock.
yes		Chute	A pen that holds an animal safely in position.
yes		Box	In a timed event, the area a horse and rider back into before they make a roping or steer wrestling run Breaking the barrier: in the timed events, if the rider leaves the box too soon – failing to give the animal enough of a head start – he is assessed a 10-second penalty.
yes		Riggin’	A suitcase-style handhold customized to a rider’s grip and attached to a molded piece of leather that is cinched, with a pad, around the horse’s girth.
yes		Cow Pony	A horse that has been tamed.
yes		Quarter Horse	The American Quarter Horse is an American breed of horse that excels at sprinting short distances. Its name came from its ability to outdistance other horse breeds in races of a quarter mile or less; some have been clocked at speeds up to 55 mph. The American Quarter Horse is the most popular breed in the United States today, and the American Quarter Horse Association is the largest breed registry in the world, with almost 3 million American Quarter Horses currently registered. The American Quarter Horse is well known both as a race horse and for its performance in rodeos, horse shows and as a working ranch horse. The compact body of the American Quarter Horse is well-suited to the intricate and speedy maneuvers required in reining, cutting, working cow horse, barrel racing, calf roping, and other western riding events, especially those involving live cattle.
yes		Barrel Racer	Barrel racing is a rodeo event in which a horse and rider attempt to complete a cloverleaf pattern around preset barrels in the fastest time. Though both boys and girls compete at the youth level and men compete in some amateur venues and jackpots, in collegiate and professional ranks, it is primarily a rodeo event for women. It combines the horse's athletic ability and the horsemanship skills of a rider in order to safely and successfully maneuver a horse in a pattern around three barrels (typically three fifty-five gallon metal or plastic drums) placed in a triangle in the center of an arena.
yes		Calf Roper	Calf roping, also known as tie-down roping, is a rodeo event that features a calf and a rider mounted on a horse. The goal of this timed event is for the rider to catch the calf by throwing a loop of rope from a lariat around its neck, dismount from the horse, run to the calf, and restrain it by tying three legs together, in as short a time as possible. The event derives from the duties of actual working cowboys, which often required catching and restraining calves for branding or medical treatment. Ranch hands took pride in the speed with which they could rope and tie calves which soon turned their work into informal contests.
yes		Header	The two partners in team roping – the header throws the first rope, over the animal’s head or horns, and the heeler throws the second rope to catch both the steer’s hind legs; roping one leg results in a five-second penalty.
yes		Heeler	The two partners in team roping – the header throws the first rope, over the animal’s head or horns, and the heeler throws the second rope to catch both the steer’s hind legs; roping one leg results in a five-second penalty.
yes		Steer Wrestler	Steer wrestling, also known as bulldogging, is a rodeo event in which a horse-mounted rider chases a steer, drops from the horse to the steer, then wrestles the steer to the ground by twisting its horns. Like all rodeo events, the event carries a high risk of injury to the cowboy. Historically, steer wrestling was not a part of ranch life. The event originated in the 1930s, and is claimed to have been started by an individual named Bill Pickett, a Wild West Show performer said to have caught a runaway steer by wrestling it to the ground. There are several versions of the story, some claiming that he developed the idea after he observed how cattle dogs worked with unruly animals.
yes		Bulldogger	A steer wrestler.
yes		Hazer	In steer wrestling, the cowboy who rides on the right side of the steer from the contestant to make sure the steer runs straight.
yes		Flankman	A cowboy or cowgirl who works in the bucking chutes, adjusting the flank strap around the animal before the ride; the best flankmen and women are familiar with each individual animal and know exactly how much flank to give each animal to encourage optimal bucking.
yes		Pickup Man	Mounted cowboys (2) who help riders dismount, release a bucking horse’s soft flank strap, and escort bucking horses and bulls to the exit gate after a ride
yes		Mutton Buster	Mutton busting is an event held at rodeos similar to bull riding or bronc riding, in which children ride or race sheep. In the event, a sheep is held still, either in a small chute or by an adult handler while a child is placed on top in a riding position. Once the child is seated atop the sheep, the sheep is released and usually starts to run in an attempt to get the child off. Often small prizes or ribbons are given out to the children who can stay on the longest. There are no set rules for mutton busting, no national organization, and most events are organized at the local level. The vast majority of children participating in the event fall off in less than 8 seconds. The practice has been documented as having been introduced to the National Western Stock Show at least by the 1980s when an event was sponsored by Nancy Stockdale Cervi, a former rodeo queen. There are no statistics about the popularity of the sport, but anecdotal reports suggest thousands of children participate in such events every year in the U.S
yes		Dally	In team roping, each roper, after throwing his loop, wraps the loose rope around his saddle horn – dallies – and the two ropers move their horses to face each other, pulling the ropes taut to stop the clock.
yes		Nodding	In the Roughstock events, a cowboy nods when he is ready for the gateman to open the gate and the ride to begin; in the timed events, a cowboy nods when he is ready for the calf or steer to be released from the chute and get its head start.
yes		Hung up	When a bull rider or bareback rider cannot remove his hand from the rope or handle before he dismounts or is thrown off the bull’s or horse’s back, his hand is “hung up” – a dangerous situation – and the pickup men or bullfighters will move in to help dislodge his hand so he can get clear of the animal.

Early Settlement & Founding Families Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Acknowledging the people and families who founded Justin
yes	Main Entrance	Pioneer	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. American pioneers are any of the people in American history who migrated west to join in settling and developing new areas. The term especially refers to those who were going to settle any territory which had previously not been settled or developed by European or American society, although the territory may have been inhabited by or utilized by Native Americans.
yes	Main Entrance	Settler	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. Settlers are generally from a sedentary culture, as opposed to nomads who share and rotate their settlements with little or no concept of individual land ownership. Settlements are often built on land already claimed or owned by another group. Many times settlers are backed by governments or large countries. Settlers often face a myriad of hardships while taming the land.
yes	Main Entrance	Founders	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. As a noun, founder means "the beginner or originators of something." You might talk about the founders of a nation, or city, the founders of club, or the founder of a website. Those who helped to established Justin.
yes	Main Entrance	Legacy	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. A gift of property, especially personal property, as money, by will; a bequest. Anything handed down from the past, as from an ancestor or predecessor: Justin today is given to us by those who came before us and created it.
yes		Icarian	First settlers who came from France to New Orleans and settled at the mouth of Oliver Creek in 1848. They called themselves "Icarians" after "Icarius", who in Greek mythology offered a refuge of hospitality and rest to the weary Dionyses.
yes		Peters Colony	In 1841, the Peters Colony began allocation of land under the guidance of Englishman and land investor, William Smalling Peters as an agent of the petitioners. Peters Colony was established through a land grant from the Republic of Texas and was organized in hopes of attracting middle-class English settlers.
yes		Hedgcoxe	Henry Oliver Hedgcoxe was the Peters Colony's local agent.
yes		Comanche	The Comanche are a Native American tribe from the Great Plains whose historic territory, known as Comancheria, consisted of present day eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas.
yes		Kiowa	The Kiowa lived in and around the Texas panhandle. This includes western Oklahoma and northeast New Mexico. They were nomadic buffalo hunters. That makes them hunter gatherers. They were famous for their long distance raids. Some of these raids went all the way down into Mexico and way up almost to Canada. They were friends and close allies with the Comanche who lived in the same region.
yes		Log House	A log house (or log home) is structurally identical to a log cabin (a house typically made from logs that have not been milled into conventional lumber). The term "log cabin" is not preferred by most contemporary builders, as it generally refers to a smaller, more rustic log house such as a hunting cabin in the woods, or a summer cottage.
yes		Rock House	Rock houses in Texas date from the beginning of Texas and continue to be built today. Several rock houses still exist in Justin.
yes		Walter	Walter Justin Sherman - Railroad Chief Construction Engineer - Justin is named after him.
yes		Justin	Walter Justin Sherman - Railroad Chief Construction Engineer - Justin is named after him.
yes		Sherman	Walter Justin Sherman - Railroad Chief Construction Engineer - Justin is named after him.
yes		Helm	Original Land Owner who sold the lots in Old Town Justin. (verify) Thomas Helm owned and operated the Justin Water System in the early 1900's.
No	Old Town	Jackson Ave	Possibly named after Zerrill Jackson Harmonson, who died in 1881.
yes		Pennington	Dr. W.H. Pennington opened a doctor's office in 1883. [see Dr. LW page 7 and Parr page 211]
yes		Berry	John W. Berry opened a general store in Justin in 1883. Later he became a postmaster in Justin.
"Ave" used		Harmonson	Perry Harmonson established a school in 1883.
yes		Cate	The D.H. Cate family came to Justin about 1885 establishing a boarding house providing food & lodging for railroad workers.
yes		Riley	Mr. Riley was involved in creating the Justin Town Plat of 1887. He also built and operated the first hotel in town.
"Drive" used		Allen	Dr Thomas Richard Allen reported in 1847 that his family was one of the twenty families that left Missouri for Denton County, many of which settled in Justin. Dr. T.R. Allen and his son Dr. Joseph Allen had a medical practice in Justin for many years. [see Dr. LW page 7]
yes		Wheeler	Justin got its "official" name on January 25, 1887 when Tomas J Wheeler was established as the postmaster of Justine.
yes		Justine	Was the original post office name submitted for approval.
yes		Layfield	Jeff Davis Layfield came to the Justin community in 1902.
yes		Shofner	Walter Newton Shofner came to Justin in 1904 and with J.W. Spencer and Dr. W.H. Pennington, opened Justin State Bank which is still in operation today.
yes		Wilkerson	Sam Wilkerson operated a veterinary practice in Justin which he continued until his retirement at age 83.
yes		Dooley	Joshua Price Dooley helped to build the First Methodist Church in Justin and was a charter member of that congregation.
yes		Parr	Founder of first church in Justin, Presbyterian.
yes		Tally	Edward Curtis Tally came to Justin in 1923 as a wholesale dealer for City Service Oil Company and later became an independent oil operator. Mr. Tally married Faye Shofner, the daughter of Walter Newton Shofner.
yes		Bradely	J.E. Bradely operated a confectionery by the late 1920's. He was also known as a writer and historian.
yes		Huffines	The owner of first theater in Justin, the Happy Hour Theater.
yes		Beck	?
yes		Henderson	?

Early Business Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Acknowledging the businesses in early Justin
yes	Main Entrance	Entreprenuers	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. The first entreprenuers persevered and kept Justin successful through the years.
yes	Main Entrance	Commerce	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. The first entreprenuers persevered and kept Justin successful through the years.
yes		Happy Hour Theater	First theater in Jusine. Owned by the Huffines. Located in Old Town on 4th St.
yes		Lumber Mill	Early Justin enterprise.
yes		Confectionery	Brad's Confectionery - Located in Old Town, 4th Street.
yes		Grain Elevator	Early Justin enterprise.
yes		Hotel	Many hotels flourished in early Justin catering to Railroad workers and travelers.
"College Ave' used		Pennington College	Early Justin enterprise.located in Old Town - currently in use as The Abby.

Victorian Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Justin, Texas came into being in time period known as the Victorian era.
yes	Main Entrance	Victorian Way	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. The Victorian Era is named after the period from 1837 to 1901, the length of the rule of Great Britain's Queen Victoria. American Victorianism was an offshoot of this period and lifestyle that occurred in the United States, chiefly in heavily populated regions such as New England and the Deep South. The name was derived from the reign of Queen Victoria, which reflected the heavy British cultural influence on the nation during the time.
yes	Main Entrance	Old Town	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. The older part of a city or town contained within its modern limits. The old town of a city or town is its historic or original core. Although the city is usually larger in its present form, many cities have redesignated this part of the city to commemorate its origins after thorough renovations. There are many places throughout the world named old town (and this is sometimes construed as a proper noun and capitalized).
yes		Queen Anne	Queen Anne Style buildings in America came into vogue in the 1880s, replacing the French-derived Second Empire as the "style of the moment." The popularity of high Queen Anne Style waned in the early 1900s, but some elements, such as the wraparound front porch, continued to be found on buildings into the 1920s.
yes		Eastlake	The Eastlake Movement was an American nineteenth-century architectural and household design reform movement started by architect and writer Charles Eastlake (1836–1906). The movement is generally considered part of the late Victorian period in terms of broad antique furniture designations. In architecture the Eastlake Style is part of the Queen Anne style of Victorian architecture.
yes		Italianate	The Italianate style of architecture was a very popular and distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture.
yes		Second Empire	Second Empire is an architectural style, most popular between 1865 and 1880, and so named for the architectural elements in vogue during the era of the Second French Empire.
yes		Gothic Revival	A North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters.
yes		Art and Crafts	The Arts and Crafts movement was an international movement in the decorative and fine arts that began in Britain and flourished in Europe and North America between 1880 and 1910. It stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple forms, and often used medieval, romantic, or folk styles of decoration. The Arts & Crafts movement introduced new design ideas and alternate materials, such as tile, metal, and exposed brick on fireplaces.
yes		Dormer	A common feature of Victorian houses is the use of many dormers (windowed room extensions). A dormer is a roofed structure, often containing a window, that projects vertically beyond the plane of a pitched roof. Dormers are commonly used to increase the usable space in a loft and to create window openings in a roof plane.
yes		Front Porch	Large front porches were very common in the Victorian era. Older American homes, particularly those built during the era of Victorian architecture, or built in the Queen Anne style, often included a porch in both the front and the back of the home. The back porch is used as another sitting space. However, many American homes built with a porch since the 1940s have only a token one, usually too small for comfortable social use and adding only to the visual impression of the building.
yes		Parlor	Parlor (or parlour) is a name used for a variety of different reception rooms and public spaces in different historical periods, especially Victorian America.
yes		Staircase	In the Victorian era, the increasingly sophisticated power woodworking machinery made possible more elaborate carving and turnings, it also made them less expensive and more widely available. Like mantels, Victorian staircases became a place to show off manufacturing ability and money. With the adoption of combination living spaces and stair halls late in the period, stairs became the focus of further experiments, and more elaborate series of flights and landings were contrived.
yes		Newel Post	A Newel Post is a large baluster or post used to anchor the handrail on stairs. Since it is a structural element, it extends below the floor and subfloor to the bottom of the floor joists and is bolted right to the floor joist. A half-newel may be used where a railing ends in the wall. Visually, it looks like half the newel is embedded in the wall. For open landings, a newel may extend below the landing for a decorative newel drop. Extraqvagent newel posts were typical in the Victorian era. Victorian staircases start proudly with an elaborate newel, which is invariably highly detailed. Covered with embellishments- sometimes from a mixed bag of stylistic idioms - the most ornate examples are wonderfully rich with worked turnings and chamfers or applied carvings and rosettes. Newels with deeply turned balls or beaded decoration may show a geometrical influence associated with Eastlake furniture styling. Somtimes gas, and later electric, newel lamps were instlled atop the post.
yes		Gingerbread
yes		Fretwork
yes		Farmhouse	American farmhouses had a straightforward construction designed to function amidst a working farm in a rural setting. They had a simple rectangular floor plan, usually built with local materials, and included a dominant centrally-located fireplace for cooking and heating.
yes		Pot Belly Stove	A potbelly stove is a cast-iron wood-burning stove, round with a bulge in the middle. The name is derived from the resemblance of the stove to that of a fat man's pot belly. They were designed to heat large spaces and were often found in railroad stations or one-room schoolhouses. The flat top of the fireplace allowed for cooking of food, or the heating of water.
yes		Lightning Rod Lane	Lightning Rods to protect houses and barns from lightning were in the heyday in America from 1870-1939. A lightning rod is a metal rod or metallic object mounted on top of an elevated structure, such as a building, a ship, or even a tree, electrically bonded using a wire or electrical conductor to interface with ground or "earth" through an electrode, engineered to protect the structure in the event of lightning strike. If lightning hits the structure, it will preferentially strike the rod and be conducted to ground through the wire, instead of passing through the structure, where it could start a fire or cause electrocution. Lightning rods are also called finials, air terminals or strike termination devices.

Civic Contribution Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Acknowledging the civic leaders in early Justin
yes	Main Entrance	Civic Leaders	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. People who answered the call and perform civic duties.
yes	Main Entrance	Civil Servant	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. Civil Servants who made a difference in Justin.
yes		Dpty. Red Garrett	Deputy Sheriff Carl Edward "Red" Garrett of the Denton County Texas Sheriff's Office was killed in the line of duty on 4th Street in Old Town Justin on July 3rd, 1934.Justin Police Officer Kelli Thielemann and the Justin Police Dept. have placed a memorial marker in his honor on W. 4th St in Old Town, and another marker at his grave site in Elizabethtown Cemetery near Texas Motor Speedway.
?		?	First Town Marshall
"Park" used		Bishop	First City Mayor in 1947 - William Bishop moved to Justin in 1912 and in 1922 he bought the cotton gin. He was also the 1st mayor of Justin.
yes		Adams	First City Council member in 1947 -
yes		Cox	First City Council member in 1947 - Wayne A. Cox was superintendent and vocational agriculture teacher for Justin Independent School District in 1941. He also help to frame the petition to incorporate the City of Justin in 1946. Also served as Mayor.
yes		Sims	First City Council member in 1947 -
yes		Tate	First City Council member in 1947 -
?		?	First Police Chief
yes		Davis	First Fire Chief - Henry Davis became the First Fire Chief [need to confirm]
yes		Grace Parr	Grace Lee Parr was born and raised in Justin. She taught English in nearby schools and is the author of the Justin Story, a book that is often utilized for historical reference of our town.
yes		?
yes		?
yes		?

Railroad Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Early Justin, Texas was able to survive and thrive due to the railroad stop in town.
yes	Main Entrance	Rail Road	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks. It is also commonly referred to as train transport. Rail vehicles ("rolling stock") are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Tracks usually consist of steel rails, installed on ties (sleepers) and ballast, on which the rolling stock, usually fitted with metal wheels, moves. Other variations are also possible, such as slab track, where the rails are fastened to a concrete foundation resting on a prepared subsurface
yes	Future Transport Hub	Train Station	Justin Original Victorian era Train Depot was torn down and sold off. A portion of it remains inside Justin Discount Boots store. The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company train depot / station building in Justin was built in 1912 and measured 24' x 113'. Part of a wall with the ticket window still exists inside the Justin Discount Boots Store. Look for the Boot Room (back room next to kids corral). Rumor has it that other parts of the building were sent down south to help restore another 100 year old train depot in another Texas town.
yes	Future Transport Hub	Depot	A train depot is a railway facility where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers or freight. It generally consists of at least one track-side platform and a station building (depot) providing such ancillary services as ticket sales and waiting rooms. If a station is on a single-track line, it often has a passing loop to facilitate traffic movements. The smallest stations are most often referred to as "stops"
yes	Main Entrance	Locomotive	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. A locomotive (or engine) is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. It is a shortened form of the term locomotive engine that was first used in the early 19th century to distinguish between mobile and stationary steam engines. A locomotive has no payload capacity of its own, and its sole purpose is to move the train along the tracks.
yes		Steam Engine	A steam locomotive is a railway locomotive that produces its pulling power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning combustible material—usually coal/coke, wood, or oil—to produce steam in a boiler. Steam locomotives were first developed in the early 19th century and used for railway transport until the middle of the 20th century. From the early 1900s they were gradually superseded by electric and diesel locomotives, with full conversions to electric and diesel power beginning from the 1930s. The majority of steam locomotives were retired from regular service by the 1980s, though several continue to run on tourist and heritage lines.
yes		Cinder	Associated with Coal / Steam locomotives, a cinder is a glowing, hot coal made of greatly heated wood, coal, or other carbon-based material that remain after, or sometimes precede, a fire. Cinders can glow very hot, sometimes as hot as the fire which created them. They radiate a substantial amount of heat.
yes		Caboose	A caboose is a manned North American railroad car coupled at the end of a freight train. Cabooses provide shelter for crew at the end of a train, who were long required for switching and shunting, and to keep a lookout for load shifting, damage to equipment and cargo, and overheating axles.
yes		Box Car	A boxcar is a North American railroad car that is enclosed and generally used to carry general freight. The boxcar, while not the simplest freight car design, is probably the most versatile, since it can carry most loads.
yes		Pullman Car	Pullman was used to refer to railroad sleeping cars which were built and operated on most U.S. railroads by the Pullman Company (founded by George Pullman) from 1867 to December 31, 1968.
yes		Parlor Car	A parlor car (or parlour car outside the United States of America) is a type of passenger coach that provides superior comforts and amenities when compared to a standard coach.
yes		Coal Car	A coal-car or tender is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing its fuel (wood, coal, or oil) and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, so their tenders are necessary to keep them running over long distances.
yes		Trestle	Many timber trestles were built in the 19th and early 20th centuries with the expectation that they would be temporary. Timber trestles were used to get the railroad to its destination. Once the railroad was running, it was used to transport the material to replace trestles with more permanent works, transporting and dumping fill around some trestles and transporting stone or steel to replace others with more permanent bridges
yes		Roundhouse	A roundhouse is a building used by railroads for servicing locomotives. Roundhouses are large, circular or semicircular structures that were traditionally located surrounding or adjacent to turntables. The defining feature of the traditional roundhouse was the turntable, which facilitates access when the building is used for repair facilities or for storage of steam locomotives.
yes		Railhead	The end of a railway line. Sometimes, particularly in the context of modern freight terminals, the word is used to denote a terminus of a railway line, especially if the line is not yet finished, or if the terminus interfaces with another transport mode, such as shipping or a train ferry.
No		Atchison	Railroad - Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company / Gulf Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas
No		Topeka Ave	Railroad - Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company / Gulf Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas
No		Santa Fe	Railroad - Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company / Gulf Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas
"Ave" used	Old Town	Colorado Ave	Railroad - Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas
No	Old Town	Gulf Ave	Railroad - Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas

Farming Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Early Justin, Texas was able to survive and thrive due to the nearby farming.
yes	Main Entrance	Country Living	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development.
yes	Main Entrance	Farming Town	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development.
yes	Main Entrance	Farmland	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development.
yes		Barn	generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Plow	generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Cotton Field	common crop grown in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Cotton Gin	A generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday. A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. The fibers are processed into various cotton goods such as linens, and any undamaged cotton was used for clothes. Seeds may be used to grow more cotton or to produce cottonseed oil and meal.
yes		Harvest	generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Mule Team	generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Trace and Harness	In transport, a trace is one of two, or more, straps, or ropes by which a carriage or wagon is drawn by a harness horse or other draught animal.
"Drive" taken		Windmill	Windmills have been a common feature in the Justin area. A windmill is a mill that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades. Centuries ago, windmills usually were used to mill grain, pump water, or both. Thus they often were gristmills, windpumps, or both. The majority of modern windmills take the form of wind turbines used to generate electricity, or windpumps used to pump water, either for land drainage or to extract groundwater.
yes		Water Tower	generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Acres	generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Tractor	generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Free Range	Free range denotes a method of farming husbandry where the animals, for at least part of the day, can roam freely outdoors, rather than being confined in an enclosure for 24 hours each day. On many farms, the outdoors ranging area is fenced, thereby technically making this an enclosure, however, free range systems usually offer the opportunity for extensive locomotion and sunlight prevented by indoor housing systems. In ranching, free-range livestock are permitted to roam without being fenced in, as opposed to fenced-in pastures. In many of the agriculture-based economies, free-range livestock are quite common.
yes		Hay	Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing animals such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. Hay is also fed to smaller animals such as rabbits and guinea pigs. Pigs may be fed hay, but they do not digest it as efficiently as more fully herbivorous animals. Hay can be used as animal fodder when or where there is not enough pasture or rangeland on which to graze an animal, when grazing is unavailable due to weather (such as during the winter) or when lush pasture by itself is too rich for the health of the animal. It is also fed during times when an animal is unable to access pasture, such as when animals are kept in a stable or barn.
yes		Hay Bale	A secured bundle of hay. Small bales are still produced today. While balers for small bales are still manufactured, as well as loaders and stackers, there are some farms that still use equipment manufactured over 50 years ago, kept in good repair. The small bale remains part of overall ranch lore and tradition with "hay bucking" competitions still held for fun at many rodeos and county fairs. Small square bales are stacked in a criss-crossed fashion sometimes called a "rick" or "hayrick".
yes		Haymaking	Hay production and harvest, colloquially known as "making hay", "haymaking", or "doing hay", involves a multiple step process: cutting, drying or "curing", raking, processing, and storing.
yes		Making Hay	Hay production and harvest, colloquially known as "making hay", "haymaking", or "doing hay", involves a multiple step process: cutting, drying or "curing", raking, processing, and storing.
yes		Hayfield	common crop grown in Justin's farming heyday.
yes		Grain Silo	generic farm term of something that would have been used in Justin's farming heyday.

Native Trees, Etc Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Acknowledging the plants and animals found near Justin
yes	Main Entrance	Texas Trees Lane	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development.
yes		Elm	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Pecan	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Hackberry	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Cedar	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Oak	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Mesquite	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Crape Myrtle	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Bois Darc	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Cottonwood	species of tree found in Justin area.
yes		Acorn	generic tree term
yes		Branch	generic tree term
yes		Buffalo	species of mammal found in Justin area. Was common, but no longer so.
yes		Lightning Bug	species of insect found in Justin area. Was common, but no longer so.
yes		Horned Lizard	species of reptile found in Justin area. Was common, but no longer so.

Creeks & Terrain Street Names Group
Availability	Preferred / Actual Location	Street Name	Relevance Acknowledging the terrain features near Justin
yes	Main Entrance	Topography	Descriptor of the street Group type inside this development. The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area
yes		Cartographer
yes		Denton Creek	Mapped by Henry Oliver Hedgcoxe, the Peters Colony's local agent, approx 1841. Denton Creek rises four miles northeast of Bowie in central Montague County and runs southeast for thirty-two miles, through Wise and Denton counties, before emptying into Grapevine Reservoir. The creek, named for John B. Denton, is located in the Grand Prairie and Cross Timbers regions of north central Texas and is one of the major tributaries of the area, draining more than 520,000 acres.
yes		Oliver Creek	Mapped by Henry Oliver Hedgcoxe, the Peters Colony's local agent, approx 1841. Named after his son. Oliver Creek rises two miles southeast of Decatur in eastern Wise County and flows southeasterly for twenty-two miles into Denton Creek one mile northeast of Justin. One of thirty-two creeks that run through Denton County, Oliver Creek is located in the Grand Prairie region of the Eastern Cross Timbers of North Texas. Henry O. Hedgcoxe, land agent for the Texas Emigration and Land Company in the 1850s, named the creek after his son. John B. Denton, after whom the county is named, was buried near the mouth of Oliver Creek in 1841. The stream flows through clayey and loamy soils that support silver bluestem and Texas winter grasses; other vegetation consists primarily of live oak with some juniper and mesquite trees.
"Road" used		Trail Creek	Mapped by Henry Oliver Hedgcoxe, the Peters Colony's local agent, approx 1841. Named after his dog.
yes		Harriet Creek	Mapped by Henry Oliver Hedgcoxe, the Peters Colony's local agent, approx 1841. Harriet Creek rises three miles northwest of Rhome in southeastern Wise County and runs southeast for ten miles to its mouth on Elizabeth Creek, nearly four miles south of Justin in Denton County. The stream traverses rolling prairie, surfaced by shallow, stony clay loams that support juniper, oak, and a variety of grasses. For most of the county's history the Harriet Creek area has been used as range and crop land.
yes		Elizabeth Creek	Mapped by Henry Oliver Hedgcoxe, the Peters Colony's local agent, approx 1841. Elizabeth Creek rises in southeastern Wise County and runs southeast for sixteen miles to its mouth on Denton Creek in Denton County. The stream is named for a daughter of John B. Denton and is located in the Grand Prairie region of north central Texas. It traverses an area characterized by limestone and loamy mud soils that support grasses, primarily silver bluestem and Texas wintergrass, and crops.
yes		Catherine Creek	Mapped by Henry Oliver Hedgcoxe, the Peters Colony's local agent, approx 1841.
yes		Trace (place?)	A synonym for trail, as in Natchez Trace

Master Street Names - by Community Red = In Use (closed)
Availability	Location / Community	Street Name	Relevant information
No	Old Town	1st St., (W. + E.)	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	2nd St., West	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	3rd St., West	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	4th St., (W. + E.)	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	5th St., (W. + E.)	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	6th St., (W. + E.)	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	7th St., (W. + E.)	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	8th St., West	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	12th St., West	Early Generic street name
No	Old Town	Allen Dr	Dr Thomas Richard Allen reported in 1847 that his family was one of the twenty families that left Missouri for Denton County, many of which settled in Justin. Dr. T.R. Allen and his son Dr. Joseph Allen had a medical practice in Justin for many years.
No	Old Town	Barrett Dr
No	Old Town	College Ave	Early Justin enterprise.located in Old Town - currently in use as The Abby.
No	Old Town	Colorado Ave	Railroad - Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas
No	Old Town	Creekhill Way	Generic street name?
No	Old Town	Denton Ave	A Texas land grant led to the formation of Denton County in 1846, and the city was incorporated in 1866. Both were named after pioneer and Texas militia captain John B. Denton. The arrival of a railroad line in the city in 1881 spurred population, and the establishment of the University of North Texas in 1890 and Texas Woman's University in 1901 distinguished the city from neighboring regions. John Barnard Denton (July 28, 1806 – May 22, 1841 was a Methodist minister, lawyer, soldier, and political candidate for whom both Denton County, Texas and the city of Denton, Texas were named. He became a captain and was known for his battles against Native Americans. As more settlers migrated to the frontier, the Republic of Texas relied primarily on volunteer militias to patrol the populated areas spread out across open range. In 1839, Denton answered the call and was commissioned captain of a company in Brig. Gen. Edward H. Tarrant’s Fourth Brigade, Texas Militia. In April 1841 the Ripley family south of his Clarksville homestead was attacked and killed by a horse-rustling party of Indians, so the volunteer Texas militia was tasked with finding the raiders. Denton rallied his Texas Rangers. By May, Tarrant’s 4th Brigade of Texas rangers led by company commander Capt. James Bourland left Fannin County to find the Indian villages and recover the livestock. Capt. Denton served as an aide to Gen. Tarrant, commanding a detachment of scouts with Henry Stout. On May 24, 1841, the men located a group of Cherokee and Caddo Indian villages along Keechi Village Creek (not far from present-day boundaries between Arlington and Ft. Worth - now Tarrant County). The scouts reconnoitered the first two villages with little effort, but were met with gunfire at the third. Denton and Stout had split into separate units to scout out the area, each surveying a different route. When their paths converged, Stout stopped but the fiery-tempered Denton charged ahead to boldly engage the encampment. A fire-fight ensued, wounding Stout but killing Captain Denton almost immediately. The unit quickly withdrew with the injured Stout but a group later returned to recover Denton’s body. Learning that the Keechi villages contained over a thousand men, now alerted to their presence, Tarrant called the retreat. The fleeing brigade buried Denton’s body under a tree beside the creek near Justin as they hastily crossed into what would become Denton County, later so named in honor of the fallen hero. Yet the story of John B. Denton does not end with the Battle of Village Creek. When a grave was discovered by some boys along Oliver Creek near Justin in Denton County in 1856, Denton County rancher John Chisum (not to be confused with the famed “Chisholm Trail“) recalled the stories of Denton’s death and burial told to him by his father Clabe, also a member of Denton’s Texas militia company. Chisum investigated with some survivors of the raid, who identified the bones by the blanket they were wrapped in, an old broken arm, a tin cup, and some gold teeth. Chisum took the remains back to his home and kept it in a box hoping a family member would claim it but meanwhile buried Denton’s bones in a corner of the yard near his house. When Chisum sold his property to J.M. Waide years later, he left a written account authenticating the grave with his friend J. W. Gober. By 1900, the Old Settler’s Association of Denton County wanted to bury John B. Denton in the town that proudly bears his name. They placed an advertisement in the paper which Gober answered, producing the letter written by Chisum authenticating the bones and artifacts. The remains of Captain Denton were exhumed once again and buried during a large ceremony on the southeast corner of the Denton County Courthouse lawn on November 21, 1901. Denton is now buried in his namesake county and city, on the southeast corner of the lawn of the Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square. https://localwiki.org/denton/John_B._Denton
No	Old Town	Dorothy Ln
No	Old Town	Gulf Ave	Railroad - Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas
No	Old Town	Hardeman Circle
No	Old Town	Harmonson Ave
No	Old Town	Jackson Ave	possibly named after Zerrill Jackson Harmonson, who died in 1881.
No	Old Town	Leuty Ave
No	Old Town	Mae Dr
No	Old Town	Pafford Ave
No	Old Town	Sealy Ave	President of (GC&SF) Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company
No	Old Town	Snyder Ave
No	Old Town	Topeka Ave	Railroad - Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company / Gulf Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas
No	Reatta Ridge	Chinos Trail
No	Reatta Ridge	Chisholm Trail	The Chisholm Trail was the major route out of Texas for livestock. Although it was used only from 1867 to 1884, the longhorn cattle driven north along it provided a steady source of income that helped the impoverished state recover from the Civil War. Youthful trail hands on mustangs gave a Texas flavor to the entire range cattle industry of the Great Plains and made the cowboy an enduring folk hero.
No	Reatta Ridge	Goodnight Trail	The Goodnight–Loving Trail was a trail used in the cattle drives of the late 1860s for the large-scale movement of Texas Longhorns. It is named after cattlemen Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving. The Goodnight Loving Trail began at Fort Belknap (Texas), along part of the former route of the Butterfield Overland Mail, traveling through central Texas across the Staked Plains to Horsehead Crossing, north along the Pecos River and across Pope's Crossing, into New Mexico to Fort Sumner. The trail then continued north into Colorado up to Denver and was extended on into Wyoming.
No	Reatta Ridge	Lakeway Ln	Generic street name?
No	Reatta Ridge	Lone Star Dr	The Lone Star State is the official state nickname of Texas. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. The "Lone Star" can be found on the Texan state flag and on the Texan state seal.
No	Reatta Ridge	Loving Trail	The Goodnight–Loving Trail was a trail used in the cattle drives of the late 1860s for the large-scale movement of Texas Longhorns. It is named after cattlemen Charles Goodnight and Oliver Loving. The Goodnight Loving Trail began at Fort Belknap (Texas), along part of the former route of the Butterfield Overland Mail, traveling through central Texas across the Staked Plains to Horsehead Crossing, north along the Pecos River and across Pope's Crossing, into New Mexico to Fort Sumner. The trail then continued north into Colorado up to Denver and was extended on into Wyoming.
No	Reatta Ridge	Reatta Dr	A lasso, also referred to as a riata, or reata (all from Spanish la reata), is a loop of rope designed as a restraint to be thrown around a target and tightened when pulled. It is a well-known tool of the American cowboy. A lasso is made from stiff rope so that the noose stays open when the lasso is thrown.
No	Reatta Ridge	Ridge Dr	Generic street name?
No	Reatta Ridge	Santa Fe Trail	The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route through central North America that connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. Pioneered in 1821 by William Becknell, it served as a vital commercial highway until the introduction of the railroad to Santa Fe in 1880. Santa Fe was near the end of the El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro which carried trade from Mexico City. The route skirted the northern edge and crossed the north-western corner of Comancheria, the territory of the Comanches, who demanded compensation for granting passage to the trail, and represented another market for American traders. Comanche raiding farther south in Mexico isolated New Mexico, making it more dependent on the American trade, and provided the Comanches with a steady supply of horses for sale. By the 1840s trail traffic along the Arkansas Valley was so heavy that bison herds could not reach important seasonal grazing land, contributing to their collapse which in turn hastened the decline of Comanche power in the region.
No	Reatta Ridge	Sierra Trail	The High Sierra Trail (HST) is a hiking trail in Sequoia National Park, California. The trail crosses the Sierra Nevada from west to east. Work began on the High Sierra Trail in 1928 and it was the first Sierra trail built solely for recreational use.
No	Reatta Ridge	Silver Mine Dr	Silver mining was a driving force in the settlement of western North America, with major booms for silver and associated minerals (lead, mostly) in the galena ore silver is most commonly found in. Notable silver rushes were in Colorado; Nevada; and California. The first major silver ore deposits in the United States were discovered at the Comstock Lode in Virginia City, Nevada, in 1859.
No	Hardeman	Cedar Crest Dr	Generic street name
No	Hardeman	Hardeman Blvd
No	Hardeman	Hilltop Dr	Generic street name
No	Hardeman	Pine Crest Dr	Generic street name
No	Hardeman	Windmill Dr	Windmills have been a common feature in the Justin area. A windmill is a mill that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades. Centuries ago, windmills usually were used to mill grain, pump water, or both. Thus they often were gristmills, windpumps, or both. The majority of modern windmills take the form of wind turbines used to generate electricity, or windpumps used to pump water, either for land drainage or to extract groundwater.
No	Meadowlands	Blue Bonnet Cir
No	Meadowlands	Daisey Ln	Generic street name
No	Meadowlands	Honeysuckle Dr
No	Meadowlands	Hummingbird Ln
No	Meadowlands	Indian Paint Dr
No	Meadowlands	Meadow View Dr	Generic street name
No	Meadowlands	Sage Dr
No	Meadowlands	Scenic Dr	Generic street name
No	Meadowlands	Sunflower Ct
No	Northview	Canyon Dr	Generic street name
No	Northview	Hillside Cir	Generic street name
No	Northview	Hillside Dr	Generic street name
No	Northview	Ridgetop Dr	Generic street name
No	Northview	Scenic Dr	Generic street name
No	Northview	Summit Dr	Generic street name
No	Northview	Valley Cir	Generic street name
No	Northview	Valley Dr	Generic street name
No		Atchison	Investigate location of existing street Railroad - Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company / Gulf Colorado & Santa Fe Railway Company Train Depot, Justin, Texas
No		Ovaletta	Investigate location of existing street
No		Trail Creek Rd.	Investigate location of existing street Trail Creek was mapped by Henry Oliver Hedgcoxe, the Peters Colony's local agent, approx 1841
No		Range Rd	Investigate location of existing street
No		Boss Range Rd
No		John Wiley Rd
No		FM 156, (N. + S.)	Generic Numerical Farm To Market road
No		FM 407, (W. + E.)	Generic Numerical Farm To Market road

Master Street Names - Alphabetically Red = In Use (closed)
Availability	Community	Street Name	Relevance
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See Others In This Series:

Modern Victorian Single-Family houses and Homes - coming soon!
Modern Victorian Multi-Family Units
Modern Nostalgic Village Shopping Centers
Historical Street Names Project of Justin, Tx

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